I remember my Pakistan Studies Teacher relating an incident . Gandhi was addressing a press conference when a snake crawled out of somewhere and passed the leader without biting him. The next day the incident made it to the papers. Later at another press conference this time addressed by Jinnah the journalists asked him what he thought of this miracle. Even a snake would not dare touch Gandhi. ‘Professional ethics’ remarked Jinnah. I do not know whether this story is true or not but it left a mark on me.
It’s a national habit of ours to make our leaders, one dimensional. They become austere portraits hanging over bureaucrats bent over files, lifeless over judges and on the currency notes thumbed repeatedly, their features blurring with use. These men on our paper money who changed the course of history; do we ever wonder what they ate, how they lived and loved.
It was a delight to find out Muhammad Ali Jinnah loved spaghetti, and enjoyed eating grapes and plums. That he had a love of newspapers, had these ordered from all over the world, cut out pieces, wrote notes on them and stuck them in files. He enjoyed reading Kamal Ata Turk’s biography , ‘Grey Wolf’ and was later nicknamed the same by his daughter Dina.
Stanley Wolpert’s Jinnah of Pakistan was a good book to start from. The book goes into great detail about Jinnah’s marriage to Ruttie; Jinnah catching Dinshaw Petit off guard, inquiring his opinion about inter-communal marriages and getting a positive response from Petit, asking for his daughter’s hand in marriage. The book stirred controversy with passages of Ruttie bringing Jinnah bacon sandwiches and refuting the whole episode of Jinnah seeing the Prophet’s (p.b.u.h) name listed as one of the Great Law Makers of the World in Lincoln’s Inn. Nonetheless, Jinnah with all his flaws appears enigmatic.
Interestingly a recent programme on Dawn News confirmed the presence of a plaque, with the Prophet’s (p.b.u.h) name on a list of the Great Law Makers of the World, by showing it on television, though it is no more displayed.
There are a number of books that let us into Jinnah’s private world. A book by by Saleem Chaudry called Quaid-e-azam: baimisaal shakhsiyat, Daraakhshan kirdaar ki Jhalkiyaan is an excellent read. It is full of extracts, personal observations and anecdotes. Jinnah might appear haughty but his wit crackles and amuses.
The book records an incident about him travelling on a train as the reason for reserving a whole coupe for travelling alone. Once when he was travelling to attend the National Assembly from Bombay to Delhi on a first class ticket, he found himself alone in the compartment. From a station an Anglo Indian woman got on the train. She sat down silently on the seat opposite him. The train started moving. Jinnah lay on his seat reading something when he heard her saying, ‘Give me a thousand rupees or I will pull the chain and defame you.’’ Jinnah kept silent.
He gave her the impression that he had not heard her talking. The woman repeatedly demanded the same thing over and over again. Jinnah knew the next station was still some distance away. Angrily the woman came close to him, and violently shook his arm saying. ‘Cant you hear anything? Why are you not listening to me? Aren’t you worried about getting disgraced?’ Jinnah relates, that by this time he had thought of a way of getting out of this sticky situation. Without saying anything, using signs and gestures he got it through to her that he could not hear anything. He pushed a pen and paper towards her to write whatever she wanted to say to him. When she had written down what she was saying on the piece of paper Jinnah took the paper and pulled the chain. Immediately the Guard entered the compartment and Jinnah handed him the paper. The woman was arrested and the train resumed its journey. This incident made him extra cautious and he decided to always book the entire compartment.
A man labelled ‘cold’, ‘stubborn’, ‘arrogant ‘or even an ‘average lawyer who was a late achiever in life.’(Nehru). I find him brutally honest, witty and hard to pin down. How else could you describe a man who could snap at a Governor’s wife (Lady Willingdon as recorded by Hector Bolitho) when she suggested his pretty wife cover her bare shoulders with a wrap to prevent herself from getting a cold?
My favourite passages of Saleem’s book are ones that take the reader into the courtroom where Jinnah played the main lead. The man who had once dreamt of playing Romeo at the Theatre commanded rapt audience in real life courtrooms.
Jinnah had stopped practicing law by 1944 but a request by a Muslim inspector forced him to take his case. The case dealt with the issues of divorce and iddat and required Jinnah to explain about the Muslim Lunar Calendar to the judge. The Judge asked Jinnah about the moon, ‘if it does not rise?’ Jinnah replied, ‘then I cannot make it rise, my Lord.’
In another case when a Judge inquired about a ruling Jinnah was referring to during the proceedings, saying he had not seen such a ruling. Jinnah was quick to answer, ‘Mr. Jinnah says so.’
What baffled me while reading these incidents was if it was audacity to the point of recklessness? For example during the proceedings of a case, an English magistrate, bored and tired of the long discourse interrupted Jinnah in a sarcastic tone, ‘Mr. Jinnah I just listen to what you say from one ear and let it fly out the other’. Jinnah’s retort, the place between the magistrates’ ears must be empty if whatever he says goes in one end and flies out the other, makes me laugh in awe.
I think I am charmed by Jinnah like Sarojini Naidu, a prominent Indian Leader also known as the Nightingale of the East. Some sources claim her to have been besotted by Jinnah, with her writing love poems for him. A profile picture of her sitting in the National archives sent to Jinnah is signed ‘from your friend’ and there are many who deny the infatuation. Jinnah has that power. There is nothing average about him and nothing one dimensional about him.